If I had a surplus of free time for every space industry deal between nations that we mentioned on the show, I'd mark it on a map with a line joining the nations involved. Over time, I would be fascinated to see the different conduits that emerge, especially the ones that you don't hear from as often. We've seen an uptick in activity between India and Australia. Yesterday, we mentioned news of a deal between Poland and Taiwan, and today there's news tying Saudi Arabia to Germany. It's not the first time, and I'm sure it won't be the last. Maybe I should put that map together. Today is December 3, 2024. I'm Maria Varmasus, and this is T-minus. Neospace Group to acquire Airbus' Earth Observation Platform. Redwire announces an expansion to Poland. Space Machines Company and Lunasa to partner on space debris issues. And our guest today is author Robert Zubrin. He is the current president of the Mars Society and will be talking to T-minus producer Alice Carouse about the Mars Society's mission. So stick around for that chat. Let's get into the stories from around the world in the space industry, shall we? And we're kicking off with big moves from the Middle East. Saudi Arabia's Neospace Group, or NSG, has signed an agreement to acquire Airbus' UP42, a digital Earth Observation Platform. Launched in May of this year, NSG is the largest space services provider in Saudi Arabia and is owned by the Public Investment Fund, which is Saudi Arabia's sovereign wealth fund. And UP42, now part of NSG, started in 2019 in Berlin and offers access to geospatial data and analytics from over 80 providers, serving industries like agriculture, disaster management and infrastructure monitoring. UP42 will now become part of NSG's growing geospatial division, complementing NSG's earlier purchase of TACNIA ETS. According to NSG's CEO Martin Blanken, this acquisition aligns with the Saudi Vision 2030 Economic Initiative by strengthening NSG's position in the global space economy while supporting domestic business diversification goals. The financial terms of the acquisition were not disclosed. Redwire Space says it's opening a regional office in Warsaw to expand the company's European operations. Redwire's Poland office will provide specification and design as well as assembly integration and testing support for the company's international birthing and docking mechanism. The technology will enable autonomous spacecraft docking for the Gateway Lunar Space Station's international habitat, and iterations of the system could also support other elements of the Gateway as well as low-earth orbit spacecraft and commercial space stations. Additionally, Redwire will partner with Polish universities, medical research institutions and pharmaceutical companies to leverage the company's microgravity capabilities on the International Space Station. Australian Indian in-space servicing firm Space Machines Company has signed a partnership agreement with UK-based ISAM technology developer and service provider, Lunisa. The company's plan to address the issue of space debris, and Lunisa will deploy its inaugural mission as part of Space Machines Company's second Optimus satellite launch, scheduled for 2026. The orbital servicing vehicle will be deployed aboard New Space India Limited's small satellite launch vehicle, and the mission is supported by the Australian government, which in April 2024 invested $8.5 million through the Australian Space Agency's International Space Investment India Projects program. Space Cargo Unlimited and Atmos Space Cargo have announced a multi-million dollar partnership to conduct seven multi-week low-earth orbit reentry missions between 2025 and 2027. The missions will include Space Cargo Unlimited's bento box payload platform. Nikola Gaum, CEO of Space Cargo Unlimited, said in the press release, "Our mission is to unlock the immense potential of in-space manufacturing for Earth-based industries and open the frontier for groundbreaking commercial and scientific advancements." The company say their first mission is already 80 percent booked for Q4 2025. SatVue has closed a 20 million pound round, which includes investment from the newly formed Adara Ventures Energy Fund. The new capital will expedite the launch of SatVue's new satellites, HotSat2 and HotSat3, to provide thermal data for analyzing energy production, efficiency, industrial activity, and emissions movement. Earth Imaging Company Turian Space has received a strategic investment from Veteran Ventures Capital. The amount of the deal was not disclosed at the time of the announcement. Turian Space plans to produce 45 satellites annually by 2027 and is working on their upcoming launch of the droid Alpha satellite in early 2025. Labz has signed a multi-year seven-figure deal with Laconic. Under the agreement, Laconic will receive both planet's 3-meter forest carbon monitoring product and its 30-meter forest carbon product for the next three years. Laconic provides structured data, real-time tracking, and AI-powered verification required for carbon securities to trade efficiently in the global market. With this new agreement with Planet, Laconic will receive AI-powered forest carbon insights from around the globe, allowing them to offer their customers accurate trends, correlations, and predictions to instill trusted trading confidence and empower informed decision-making in the carbon market. Cesium Astero is collaborating with Axium Space to develop key systems for their next-generation lunar space suit. Cesium Astero will provide a software-defined radio to serve as the core computing and communication system for the space suits. The technology is designed to manage critical life support functions, facilitate data analysis, and ensure reliable communications in the challenging lunar environment. Cayden's design systems is collaborating with AST SpaceMobile to advance AST's mission to eliminate connectivity gaps and connect people around the world with high-speed, space-based internet access. Two companies are working on a custom low-power microchip that will be the cornerstone of AST SpaceMobile's next-generation Bluebird satellites. AWS is hosting its annual re-invent conference this week and has used the event to announce satellite resiliency for AWS outposts. AWS will offer a partner-managed solution for resilient cloud-connected edge computing that extends the reach of Amazon Web Services to the most remote and geographically dispersed environments on Earth. AWS says when terrestrial network connectivity between an outpost and its parent AWS region is unavailable, this new solution routes traffic back to the parent region over a low-Earth orbit satellite connection. And you can read more about AWS's new offering along with all of the other stories mentioned in the show today by clicking on the links in the selected reading section of our show notes. You'll also find links to new award announcements from Periton and Rogue Space Systems, and new appointment announcements from Spire Global and Leo Labs. Hey T-Minus crew, if you are just joining us, I am welcome. And be sure to follow T-Minus Space Daily in your favorite podcast app. Also do us a favor, share the intel with your friends and coworkers. Here's a little challenge for you. By Friday, please show three friends or coworkers this podcast. A growing audience is the most important thing for us, and we would love your help as part of the T-Minus crew. If you find T-Minus useful, please share so other professionals like you can find the show. Thank you so much for your support everybody. It means a lot to me and all of us here at T-Minus. [Music] Just before the Thanksgiving break, T-Minus producer, Alice Keruth, spoke to Robert Zubrin, president of the Mars Society. We've cut the chat into two parts, starting today with Robert explaining what the Mars Society's mission is. [Music] I'm Dr. Robert Zubrin, president of the Mars Society, and the author of several books, including The Case for Mars. And I believe that the Mars Society kind of came out of that book. Could you tell us a little bit about the foundation of why you started the Mars Society and what it is you're trying to achieve with it? Let me begin at the beginning. In 1989, President George Bush I got up on the steps of the National Air and Space Museum with Armstrong and Aldrin and Collins, the Apollo 11 crew. And he said, "Look, this is the 20th anniversary of the moon landing. That was great. That's what America is all about. And therefore I asked president of committing us to go back to the moon and on to Mars and this time to stay. It's great stuff." So NASA went off to conduct a study on how this might be achieved. And it took them three months to do it, so this became known as the 90-day report. And they came up with the most complex plan you could possibly imagine, because they really weren't trying to figure out how to get to Mars. They were figuring out how to use the imperative to get to Mars to justify every spending program that they wanted. So they designed the most complicated mission plan. It had a price tag of $400 billion, which immediately killed the program with a sticker shock in the Congress. So a number of us engineers at Martin went to the management and we said, "Look, this is ridiculous. We can come up with a much better plan than this." And someone has to if we're going to save the program. So they initiated a group within the Martin company called the Scenario Development Team charge with coming up with an alternative plan. I was a member of this group. And because there were a lot of creative spirits in this group, we couldn't agree with each other. There were three plans generated, one of which was the Mars Direct Plan, which I was largely responsible for along with another engineer named David Baker. And we came up with this plan. Management said, "Let's flow to all three." They didn't try to reconcile them, which would have been impossible. And it rapidly became clear that the Mars Direct Plan had the greatest potential to break the stalemate to change the game. It immediately became extremely controversial. We had a lot of support and a lot of opposition from across the aerospace community in NASA. In '93 or so, NASA decided to take a serious look at it. They did a study of doing it, the basic concepts of the Mars Direct Plan, but done their way. It is somewhat enlarged scale compared to how Baker and I had designed it. They had a crew of six instead of a crew of four and so forth. And then they costed out the program. And these were the same people that had costed out the program of $400 billion before, now costed it at $55 billion using the same costing models. And Newsweek got hold of it. And so on 1994, July, the 25th anniversary of the moon landing, it was the cover story. There's now a way to get to Mars at a price that is doable. And a literary agent heard about this. So I'm sitting at my desk at Martin and the phone rings. And it's a literary agent named Lori Fox. And she says, "Do you realize you have a book here?" And so the book, "The Case for Mars," was published in '96. And it was very successful. And I got 4,000 letters from people all over the world. And I showed this incredible display of interest from around the world to some friends of mine who had also been Mars advocates that we had this informal network at that time called the Mars Underground. And he said, "Look, if we could pull these people together, we would have a force that could actually do something to help make this happen." So we called the founding convention of the Mars Society in Boulder, Colorado in 1998. And 700 people showed up. And we got worldwide coverage. And boom, we had a society. And so that's how the Mars Society got started. And we decided we would do three things. One, just spread the vision. Two, intervene into the political process to defend the various Mars programs that were in play in the political government sector. And three projects of our own, of which the most significant was the starting of the project to build a Mars practice station, what's called the Mars Analog Research Station, which we built the first one on Devon Island in the Canadian North and the second one in the desert in Utah, in the American Western Desert. And they were both built. And they've been successful. They've had over 300 crews in them at this point. So you've covered a lot of what the Mars Society does and what it is you're aiming to do. And you have done an incredible amount, as you say, since you started back in 1998. And I've been reading through your website and been blown away by the amount of projects you've got ongoing, everything from a Wiki page, all about Mars information, so people have got one source to go to to get all their information about what goes on in Mars, all the way through to open source data, virtual reality, so people can experience Mars. But really the question I think most people really want to know is, why Mars? You're the leading expert when it comes to why we should be going to explore the red planet. Why is it you think that humanity should invest in exploring Mars? Well there are three reasons for the science, for the challenge, and for the future. So let me explain. First of all, the science. The early Mars and the early Earth were twins. They were both rocky planets with liquid water, oceans and other bodies of water, and a CO2 dominated environment. And the right temperatures to have liquid water, which is to say the right temperatures for life. Now we know that life appeared on Earth. Did it also appear on Mars? If the theory is correct that life naturally evolves from chemistry wherever you have appropriate physical and chemical conditions, then life should have appeared on Mars. And since we now know that most stars have planets, this planetary systems around stars are the rule, not the exception. And fully 20% of the stars in the Milky Way Galaxy have Earth-sized planets in the habitable zone, that is to say the right distance where you have the good temperatures for liquid water. So if life appears wherever the conditions are reasonable, then life's everywhere. And furthermore, since we also know that the history of life on Earth is one of development from simple forms to more complex forms, including forms with greater capacities for activity and intelligence and ever more rapid evolution. If life's everywhere, it means intelligence is everywhere. It means we're not alone. This is stuff that thinking men and women have wondered about for thousands of years. Why are we living in a fertile universe or sterile universe? So these are important questions and we can resolve this by going to Mars, by sending explorers to Mars and find fossils on the surface. Because we don't expect to find extant life on the Martian surface right now. Conditions have deteriorated. There's no liquid water there now. There's frozen water. There's plenty of ice on Mars. But there could be fossils. And if you found them, that would show that life appears where it can, which means it's everywhere. Furthermore, while there's no liquid water on the Martian surface today, there is liquid water underground on Mars. Underground is warmer, just like Earth. And life, if it had existed on the surface, could have retreated there. And there's many life forms that once existed on the surface of the Earth that can no longer live there because they cannot tolerate oxygen. Oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere is an artifact from green plants. It wasn't originally there. And we like oxygen, not everybody does. For many of the early organisms that inhabit the Earth, oxygen was toxic. And so they retreated into the underground, and they've been there for the past three billion years. So Martian organisms could have retreated from a hostile surface as well. And so if we send people there, we can set up drilling rigs to bring up some water. And then if there's living organisms in the water, you could see not only that there was life on Mars, but what it is like for both theoretical reasons, aesthetic reasons, but it's also worth knowing for practical reasons. Because biotechnology is going to be one of the premier engineering fields of the 21st century and beyond. Because biotechnology is nanotechnology, itself replicating machines, this microscopic level. We're learning to read the genetic code. Soon we're going to be able to write the genetic code. But what if there's a better operating system? I believe that civilizations are like individuals. That as we grow and we challenge ourselves, we stagnate when we do not. A human-Strahmars program would be a tremendous positive challenge for every society that chooses to participate in it. We'll be right back. Welcome back. You know, when your show's name is T-minus, you don't have to twist my arm to take a moment to appreciate excellence in rocketry. And USC's rocket propulsion lab at the one and only USC Viterbi is exceptionally exceptional. USC RPL was the world's first, and as yet still the world's only, student organization to launch a student-designed and built rocket past the Karman Line back in 2019. Not too shabby, right? And last month, USC RPL passed, now, SMASHED the world record for amateur altitude with their Aftershock II rocket, reaching an astonishing 470,000 feet on their October 20 flight. That is a whole 90,000 feet higher than the previous record set back in 2004. Aerospace at Viterbi, with so many notable alums in space history then and in the space industry now, is really not a surprise. The record-smashing Aftershock II rocket features the most powerful solid propellant motor ever fired by students. Apparently, titanium-coated fins to endure hypersonic speeds and a thermal protection system that kept the rocket largely intact even when it hit Mach 5.5. Weighing in at 330 pounds, the rocket also showcased custom avionics that enabled live tracking and data integration. And they were able to recover the rocket after its ascent, and there is a pretty fantastic photo of the rocket in space, curvature of the Earth below the rocket with a nose coin pointing right at the moon, as if pointing to it and saying, "Hey, you're next." Honestly, that feels like this team's trajectory, so I wouldn't be surprised if that happens. Congratulations to all the student engineers at USERPL on their fantastic achievement, onwards and upwards, literally and figuratively. And that's it for T-minus for December 3, 2024, brought to you by N2K Cyberwire. For additional resources from today's report, check out our show notes at space.n2k.com. We're privileged that N2K and podcasts like T-minus are part of the daily routine of many of the most influential leaders and operators in the public and private sector. From the Fortune 500 to many of the world's preeminent intelligence and law enforcement agencies. This episode was produced by Alice Carruth. Our associate producer is Liz Stokes. We are mixed by Elliott Peltzman and Trey Hester, with original music by Elliott Peltzman. Our executive producer is Jennifer Eibin. Our executive editor is Brandon Karp. Simone Battrella is our president, Peter Kilpie is our publisher, and I am your host, Maria Varmausus. Thanks for listening. We'll see you tomorrow. [Music] T-minus. [Music] [BLANK_AUDIO]
